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Ergebnisse 107 Einträge
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relative division of care tasks between mothers and fathers: a longitudinal perspective. For many parents, the combination of work and care was already demanding and unevenly distributed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has clearly influenced the relative division of care tasks, but how and why remains unclear. We use longitudinal panel data from the LISS panel, collected in April, June and November 2020, to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relative distribution of care by mothers and fathers in the Netherlands. A complex picture emerges from these longitudinal analyses, and several theoretical perspectives appear to be relevant. We conclude that time availability mainly has an effect at the beginning of the pandemic, while relative resources play a role the longer the pandemic endures.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „Wat is de maatschappelijke impact van de coronacrisis voor de inwoners van Fryslân? Het Fries Sociaal Planbureau (FSP) heeft hier in oktober 2020 voor de tweede keer onderzoek naar gedaan. De belangrijkste conclusie: de gevolgen van de coronacrisis zijn ongelijk verdeeld. Vooral jongvolwassenen, werkenden met een flexibel contract, zzp’ers en senioren hebben te maken met de negatieve effecten ervan.“
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Abstract: „During the COVID-19 crisis a risk of ‘code black’ emerged in the Netherlands. Doctors mentioned that in case of code black, very senior citizens might not receive intensive care treatment for COVID-19 due to shortages. Sociologist Ulrich Beck argued that palpable risks lead to the creation of new networks of solidarity. In this article this assumption is investigated by analyzing the different storylines prevalent in the public discussion about ‘code black’. Initially, storylines showing sympathy with the plight of the elderly came to the fore. However, storylines brought forward by medical organizations eventually dominated, giving them the opportunity to determine health care policy to a large extent. Their sway over policymaking led to a distribution scheme of vaccines that was favourable for medical personnel, but unfavourable for the elderly. The discursive process on code black taken as a whole displayed a struggle over favourable risk positions, instead of the formation of risk solidarity.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „The COVID-19 pandemic caused overcrowded IC units. In the Netherlands a discussion erupted on what category of patients should be granted a bed, if there would not be enough place to treat everybody. In this article the medical guidelines for this situation as well as the public discussion are examined and related to Ulrich Beck’s theory of reflexive modernization. It is argued that discussion and regulation of this dilemma follow reflexive patterns, albeit patchy. The discussion and regulation displayed reflective understanding of the perilous position of the elderly and frail but issues of class and ethnicity were not discussed. This research revealed that Beck’s theory holds its own when tested in an empirical situation, but it has weaknesses in regard to the predicted emergence of cosmopolitan solidarity.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „COVID-19, as well as the measures set to stop the spread of the virus, strike urban life at its heart. Indeed, much of what makes urban life attractive thrives on the physical proximity of a diversity of people in densely populated built environments. It then comes as no surprise that the socio-spatial dynamics of this infectious disease have triggered a lively debate on the future of the city. In this chapter, by engaging with several voices in this public and academic debate, we focus on the question of whose city we are talking about when we refer to the post-COVID-19 city, focusing on the highly (sub)urbanized Flemish region and Brussels in Belgium. While there is plenty of evidence emerging that both COVID-19 and the COVID-19 measures, in particular the lockdown, hit the urban population very unequally and that it reproduces and strengthens certain urban inequalities, we argue that in the debate on urban life in the (post-)COVID-19 city a ‘white’ middle-class perspective is often dominant. As a result, the diversity of spatial needs and the varying degrees of spatial poverty are not sufficiently taken into account. We then move on to document the impact of COVID-19, and the measures to counter it, on precarious groups living in the city. Finally, we suggest a few socio-spatial lessons which could be drawn from the lockdown for a more equal post-COVID-19 city. The impact of the lockdown on urban life and the use of urban space was instantaneous. A remarkable feature of several early newspaper articles on COVID-19 and in Flemish cities and Brussels is its framing in terms of ‘urban flight’. In the articles, COVID-19 is framed as a potential new driver of urban flight and thus a threat to the renewed popularity of cities with (a part of) the middle class.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „Attitudes about gender and the care for small children before and after the first lockdown in the Netherlands The COVID-19 pandemic has led to major changes in the division of paid and unpaid work in many Dutch households. Before the pandemic, work-care patterns were relatively traditional in the majority of families in the Netherlands, with women performing more unpaid tasks and men more paid work. These patterns were disrupted during the lockdown by the obligation to work from home and formal and informal childcare being unavailable. This meant that fathers were much more exposed to care and household tasks than before the pandemic. This effect was potentially reinforced by the fact that many ‘essential workers’ in education and healthcare were female, leaving their male partner to take over (extra) care tasks at home. But did these changes in the division of tasks also affect normative attitudes about gender and care? In this study we aim to answer this question using longitudinal data collected among 300 respondents in the Netherlands before (early 2019/2020) and after (July 2020) the first lockdown. We expect that attitudes about men’s caring capabilities have become more positive in partnered men and women if the male partner was working from home. The empirical results show that attitudes about gender roles regarding child rearing have become more traditional after the lockdown and this is particularly the case for men who worked from home while their partner continued to work outside the home.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „The outbreak of the Corona virus has led to unprecedented measures in education. From March 16, all schools in the Netherlands are closed, and children must keep up with their schoolwork from home. Parents are expected to take a crucial role in this “homeschooling”: they are primarily responsible for ensuring that their children follow the curriculum. In this article I report the first results of a module in the LISS Panel that was designed to map how parents school their children in primary and secondary education. Data on a nationally representative sample of 1,318 children in primary and secondary education were gathered in April. The results show marked differences between social groups. Whereas all parents find it important that their children keep up with the schoolwork, children from advantaged backgrounds receive much more parental support and have more resources (e.g., own computer) to study from home. Differences in parental support are driven by the ability to help: parents with a higher education degree feels themselves much capable to help their children with schoolwork than lower educated parents. Parents also report that schools provide more extensive distant schooling for children in the academic track in secondary education (vwo) than for children in the pre-vocational track (vmbo). Finally, there is a clear gender gap: parents feel much more capable to support their daughters than their sons.These initial findings provide clear indications that the school shutdown in the Netherlands is likely to have strong effects on the inequality in educational opportunities.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „Opgelucht begaf ik me naar het Vaccinatiecentruum Koornmolen voor mijn prik. Verrast en enthousiast verliet ik het centrum. Mijn ervaring stond in schril contrast met de verwachtingen die ik koesterde op basis van de negatieve berichtgeving in de kranten over de vaccinatiecampagne. Als reactie hierop wou ik iets terugdoen om de inspanningen van de vrijwilligers van de vaccinatiecentra de wel verdiende aandacht te schenken en ze te danken en te eren voor alle inspanningen en het enthousiasme en de vriendelijkheid waarmee ze deze taken hebben opgepakt. Als gepassioneerd fotograaf weet ik dat foto’s vereeuwigen en dat een fotoboek als blijvende tastbare herinnering een belangrijke rol heeft. Ik stelde aan Michel Doomst voor om beeldmateriaal te maken en er een boek mee samen te stellen dat als eerbetoon en als dank aan de vrijwilligers zou worden opgedragen. Mijn voorstel kreeg snel gehoor. Dank zij Michel en zijn naaste medewerkers van het kernteam kreeg ik de kans hier concreet werk van te kunnen maken en het werd tevens een heel bijzondere persoonlijke levenservaring. Ik maakte sfeerbeelden van het centrum op onze Nationale Feestdag en kon in de praktijk beleven wat onze Vorst de dag voordien in zijn toespraak had benadrukt over zijn bewondering voor het werk van de vele vrijwilligers: “Onze kracht om op te veren door terug te gaan naar de essentie: onze menselijkheid”. De vrijwilligers portretteerde ik zonder masker om zo de blik te vangen die achter het doekje verborgen was gebleven voor de gevaccineerden. In een korte quote geven ze hun indrukken weer en wat hen bij zal blijven over hun periode in het vaccinatiecentrum. Ik hoop met deze beelden respect en dank aan alle vrijwilligers en medewerkers te betonen voor hun solidaire en enthousiaste inzet opdat wij allen terug een normaal sociaal leven zouden kunnen leiden. Een dikke merci! Rudy Boon“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „The global health crisis due to the pandemic of the SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with processes of urbanisation and globalisation. Globally well‐connected areas with high population densities are hence expected to be disproportionately affected by COVID‐19. This paper investigates the role of population density within the Netherlands, comparing hospitalisation and mortality related to COVID‐19 across municipalities. The paper finds that infections, hospitalisation and mortality related to COVID‐19 are not clearly correlated with the population density or urbanity of the municipality, also when controlling for age and public health factors. The paper concludes that while the public debate stresses the elevated risk of infections in cities, due to transgressive behaviour, the evidence in this paper suggests that the geography of the epidemic in the Netherlands is more complex. It speculates that the variation in urbanisation in most of the country might just be too small to expect significant differences.“
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Abstract: „[fr] Depuis quelques semaines, l’actualité nationale et internationale est dominée par un seul sujet : la Belgique, comme une large partie du monde, est touchée par la pandémie de la maladie infectieuse appelée Covid-19 qui est due à la propagation d’un coronavirus. Dans ce contexte extraordinaire, des mesures fortes ont été prises par les différentes autorités qui composent la structure fédérale belge. Le présent Courrier hebdomadaire entend livrer de premières observations juridiques sur la manière dont l’État belge, avec ses spécificités institutionnelles, a commencé à réagir à cette situation hors du commun. Il couvre la période du 12 mars au 30 mars, lors de laquelle la Belgique a progressivement vu s’établir un régime d’exception inédit en temps de paix. La contribution est articulée autour de quatre constats. En premier lieu, l’État belge a pris des mesures fortes, qui répondent à son obligation juridique de réagir face à un risque pour la vie. En second lieu, apporter une réponse centralisée à la crise sanitaire liée à l’épidémie de Covid-19 est, en Belgique, compliqué par le partage de compétences en vigueur entre les différents niveaux de pouvoir. En troisième lieu, la réponse à la crise du Covid-19 s’est traduite par des évolutions considérables dans les rapports entre les assemblées législatives et les pouvoirs exécutifs. En particulier, cette crise a eu pour effet de mettre un terme au régime d’affaires courantes au niveau fédéral. A presque tous les niveau de pouvoir, elle a également conduit à l’attribution, par les Parlements, de pouvoirs spéciaux à leurs gouvernements. Enfin, la crise sanitaire du Covid-19 a amené les pouvoirs publics belges à limiter les droits et libertés des citoyens d’une manière considérable. [nl] De laatste weken wordt het nationale en internationale nieuws gedomineerd door één enkel onderwerp: België wordt, net als een groot deel van de wereld, getroffen door de pandemie van de besmettelijke ziekte Covid-19, die te wijten is aan de verspreiding van een coronavirus. In deze buitengewone context hebben de verschillende overheden die deel uitmaken van de Belgische federale structuur krachtige maatregelen genomen. Deze "Courrier hebdomadaire" is bedoeld om enkele eerste juridische opmerkingen te maken over de manier waarop de Belgische staat, met zijn institutionele bijzonderheden, is begonnen te reageren op deze buitengewone situatie. Het bestrijkt de periode van 12 maart tot 30 maart, waarin in België geleidelijk aan een ongekend noodregime in vredestijd tot stand is gekomen. De bijdrage is gebaseerd op vier observaties. Ten eerste heeft de Belgische staat krachtige maatregelen genomen om te voldoen aan zijn wettelijke verplichting om te reageren op een risico voor het leven. Ten tweede wordt het geven van een gecentraliseerd antwoord op de gezondheidscrisis in verband met de Covid-19-epidemie in België bemoeilijkt door de bestaande bevoegdheidsverdeling tussen de verschillende bestuursniveaus. Ten derde heeft de reactie op de Covid-19-crisis geleid tot aanzienlijke veranderingen in de relatie tussen de wetgevende vergaderingen en de uitvoerende machten. Deze crisis heeft met name tot gevolg gehad dat er een einde is gekomen aan de ontslagnemende regering op federaal niveau. Op bijna alle niveaus van het federaal België heeft het ook geleid tot de toewijzing van speciale bevoegdheden door de parlementen aan hun regeringen. Ten slotte heeft de gezondheidscrisis van Covid-19 de Belgische overheid ertoe gebracht de rechten en vrijheden van de burgers aanzienlijk te beperken. [de] In den letzten Wochen wurde die nationale und internationale Berichterstattung von einem einzigen Thema beherrscht: Belgien ist wie ein großer Teil der Welt von der Pandemie der Infektionskrankheit Covid-19 betroffen, die auf die Verbreitung eines Coronavirus zurückzuführen ist. In diesem außerordentlichen Kontext wurden von den verschiedenen Behörden, die die föderale Struktur Belgiens bilden, starke Maßnahmen ergriffen. Dieser "Courrier hebdomadaire" soll erste rechtliche Anmerkungen dazu liefern, wie der belgische Staat mit seinen institutionellen Besonderheiten auf diese außergewöhnliche Situation zu reagieren begonnen hat. Es umfasst den Zeitraum vom 12. März bis zum 30. März, in dem in Belgien nach und nach ein für Friedenszeiten beispielloses Notstandsregime eingeführt wurde. Der Beitrag basiert auf vier Beobachtungen. Erstens hat der belgische Staat strenge Maßnahmen ergriffen, die seiner gesetzlichen Verpflichtung entsprechen, auf eine Gefährdung von Leben zu reagieren. Zweitens wird die Bereitstellung einer zentralisierten Antwort auf die Gesundheitskrise im Zusammenhang mit der Covid-19-Epidemie in Belgien durch die bestehende Aufteilung der Kompetenzen zwischen den verschiedenen Regierungsebenen erschwert. Drittens hat die Reaktion auf die Covid-19-Krise zu erheblichen Veränderungen im Verhältnis zwischen den gesetzgebenden Versammlungen und der Exekutive geführt. Diese Krise hat insbesondere dazu geführt, dass das System des Tagesgeschäfts auf föderaler Ebene beendet wurde. Auf fast allen Machtebenen hat sie auch dazu geführt, dass die Parlamente ihren Regierungen Sonderbefugnisse zugewiesen haben. Schließlich hat die Gesundheitskrise von Covid-19 die belgischen Behörden dazu veranlasst, die Rechte und Freiheiten der Bürger erheblich einzuschränken. [en] For the past few weeks, national and international news has been dominated by a single subject: Belgium, like a large part of the world, is affected by the pandemic of the infectious disease called Covid-19, which is due to the spread of a coronavirus. In this extraordinary context, strong measures have been taken by the different authorities that make up the Belgian federal structure. This "Courrier hebdomadaire" intends to provide some initial legal observations on the way the Belgian State, with its institutional specificities, has begun to react to this extraordinary situation. It covers the period from 12 March to 30 March, during which Belgium gradually saw the establishment of an unprecedented peacetime emergency regime. The contribution is based on four observations. Firstly, the Belgian State has taken strong measures that meet its legal obligation to react to a risk to life of the Belgian citizens. Secondly, providing a centralised response to the health crisis linked to the Covid-19 pandemic is, in Belgium, complicated because of the existing division of competences between the different levels of government. Thirdly, the response to the Covid-19 crisis has led to considerable changes in the relationship between the legislative assemblies and the executive powers. In particular, this crisis has had the effect of putting an end to the system of the transitory government at the federal level. At almost all levels of power, it has also led to the allocation of special powers by parliaments to their governments. Finally, the Covid-19 health crisis led the Belgian public authorities to limit the rights and freedoms of citizens considerably.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „De huidige coronacrisis heeft gevolgen voor alle inwoners van Fryslân. Hoe beleven de inwoners van Fryslân deze crisistijd en wat doet dit met hen? Hoe staat het met de sociale contacten? Hoe is het gesteld met het vertrouwen in de overheid en de aanpak van de crisis? Hoe kijken mensen aan tegen de toegankelijkheid van de zorg? Hoe gaat het met de mantelzorgers en de zelfstandigen? Waar maakt de Friese bevolking zich vooral zorgen over en zien zij ook nog positieve kanten aan de crisis? In een uitgebreide vragenlijst zijn leden van Panel Fryslân in april-mei 2020 bevraagd naar hun ervaringen tijdens de coronacrisis.“
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Angaben zum Inhalt: „Engaging the concepts of flow, circulation and blockage can help us to understand the trajectories of pandemics and the social responses to them. Central to the analysis is the concept of obligatory passage points through which networks must pass. Attempts by various actors to control the movement through them, be they government authorities, health experts and caregivers, economic producers or consumers, can create social tensions. Such tensions were duly recognised during the recurring outbreaks of the plague in the Second Plague Pandemic between the fourteenth and the seventeenth centuries. Analysing historical plague ordinances allows us to expose the power mechanisms impacting networks as they move through spaces, and to remain critical of how circulation is controlled and moralised. We argue that historians can contribute to reviewing these mechanisms behind the spread of epidemics and the responses to them from the perspective of movement and blockage.“
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