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Abstract: „During the three quarters of the twentieth century the Dutch coalmines existed, migrant workers were recruited in different roles and numbers. In the build up and expansion phase of the industry before the 1930s the mining companies needed skilled and experienced workers. They found them mainly in the nearby German mining districts of Aachen and the Ruhr. These migrants transferred their professional experience to unskilled Dutch miners, so over the years the mining companies became less dependent on skilled miners from abroad. At the end of the 1920s also unskilled migrant workers were recruited, for instance from Poland. In the depression of the 1930s they were the first to get fired again. From that time on, Dutch miners formed the skilled core of the labour force. In the period after the Second World War, the mines were able to keep many of them (and their sons) as regular and stable workers. The relative number of mi-grants employed by the Dutch mines was much lower than in the years around 1930. Foreigners, in the 1950s mainly from Italy and Austria, in the 1960s from Spain, Yugoslavia and Morocco, most of them unskilled, were only recruited as temporary labourers, as guest workers.“