Ihre Suche

„Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, den 'Umgang' der Ostbelgier mit ihrer Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert am Beispiel der Erinnerung an den Ersten und Zweiten Weltkrieg zu analysieren. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der öffentliche Erinnerungsdiskurs durch zwei Muster geprägt war, die man als verordnetes und selbst auferlegtes Beschweigen bestimmter historischer Ereignisse beschreiben könnte. Dominierten in der ersten Hälfte des Jahrhunderts Formen verordneten Schweigens bzw. politische Strukturen, die den Erinnerungsrahmen für eine Vergangenheitspolitik im Sinne nationalistischer Geschichtsinteressen bildeten, ist die Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg durch Formen selbst auferlegten Schweigens bzw. durch eine Vergangenheitspolitik gekennzeichnet, deren primäres Ziel die Stilisierung der Ostbelgier als 'Opfer' der Geschichte zum Zwecke forcierter Assimilierungsanstrengungen war. Wurden in der Zwischenkriegszeit historische Ereignisse umgedeutet, damit sie in ein entsprechend politisiertes Geschichtsbild passten ('Cantons rédimés'), wurde in der Nachkriegszeit besonders die nationalsozialistische Vergangenheit tabuisiert, um sich dieser belastenden Hypothek zu entledigen und endlich 'belgisch denken, fühlen und handeln' zu können. In beiden Fällen wurde nicht nur die Geschichte, sondern vor allem die Fähigkeit aufrichtiger Erinnerung 'Opfer' divergierender vergangenheitspolitischer Interessen.“

„The transborder and trilingual Maas–Rhine Euroregion is often presented as a laboratory for European integration. The authorities in the region promote the image of a region that has ‘always’ been a unity, but which is divided by artificial boundaries – ‘scars of history’ – as a result of power politics. In this essay this image is confronted with the reality of the cross-border interactions and identities of the people involved. This confrontation leads to the conclusion that although there is political, economic and cultural cooperation in the region, the region is not at all politically, economically and culturally integrated. The national border as a physical barrier may have been removed, but the economic, social, juridical and cultural barriers are still there. The unification and integration of the citizens living in the region is being impeded by conflicting national systems of law and regulations, by communication and information media focused on national issues, by nationally oriented infrastructure, and especially by strongly different national cultures and identities. The consequences for European integration in general are analysed by comparing this regional integration with the national integration and nation-building policies of the past.“

Abstract: „The Meersen Treaty of 870 granted a large place to the royal abbeys in the sharing out of the ancient kingdom of Lothaire II. This treaty established a damper zone between the two kingdoms of the western Franks and eastern Franks, without Lotharingia losing its identity that reappeared under Zwentibold (895-900). The king paid then a very particular attention to the abbeys of Lotharingia in whose favour he delivered quite a number of diplomas. But his successors, while displaying their desire to integrate Lotharingia to their kingdom, were less preoccupied with establishing good relationships with the abbeys and bestowed more of their attention to their relations with the bishops who had now become the major relays of the territorial control of the kings over Lotharingia.“

Abstract: „Through the major narrative sources available for the Gaul area of the vith and viith centuries (Grégoire de Tours, Frédégaire and his followers), the purpose of this paper is first to show in which way rivers and forests contribute to the geographical location of the events reported. The rivers appear essentially as obvious landmarks. Streams and rivers are real obstacles for the progression of armies in campaign. For princes who seek to master the territories of their regnum, the places where land routes cross rivers have a truly strategic importance. However, the rivers are not really considered as territorial limits.“

Abstract: „After the conquest, the influence of the Roman world varies according to the regions. The Deûle valley is situated in Gallia Belgica, at the confines of the cities of the Atrebates and of the Menapians. Potery kitchenware, fundamental implements of the household, artefact found in large amounts during archaeological excavations and above all a well-studied material reveals an area where « Gallo-Roman » potery is intimately mixed with native potery. Thus, for the Menapians, the eartheware keeps its native character (moulded potery) while among the Atrebates, the Morins and the Nervians, the inventories are altered in depth (potery shaped on the fast wheel) at the latest by the Flavian period. The lower Deûle valley does not constitute the only cultural « border ». This area of contact, this « culture frontier » is prolonged to the north, along the Lys valley, and to the east, along the Scheldt valley. Does it represent a resistance to Romanization as was occasionally hinted at, or the consequence of the minor strategic and economic interest for Rome of this region in the Higher Empire? The second hypothesis sounds more attractive because everything tends to show that, beside the resources in salt and taxes, echoed in the cadastral surveys, Rome was hardly concerned by this region situated so far apart which could thus, at least for some time (until the 70s) keep its cultural singularities.“

Abstract: „The organization of the north of the ecclesiastical province of Reims took the shape, in Merlovingian times, of the uniting of ancient Roman cities under the authority of a single bishop (Arras and Cambrai, Noyon and Tournai, Boulogne and Thérouanne) that historians have interpreted as an adaptation to a society still ill christianized. This paper aims at showing that other factors may have played a part, as the concern of the monarchy of the Frankish kingdom of Neustria to ensure a better control of the region just out of the civil war (613). What we can understand of the limits between the various Merlovingian dioceses shows, however, that, on the margins, borders remained largely to be defined. This situation may have benefited monastic foundations by an aristocracy seeking a certain independance.“

Abstract: „Made of a building surrounded by two concentric walls, the fortified complex of Jublains in Mayenne has long been interpreted as a granary of the annone. The excavations carried out by R. Rebuffat on the site have allowed to identify the various stages of its construction and alterations. They notably allowed to date its outer wall to the years 290 AD. The sounding we carried out in April 2001 did not yield any key as to providing a date for the Central Building, which still wavers between the first third and the end of the IIIrd century. In spite of the singularity of its plan in H, which has no archaeological documented parallel, the fortified granary of Jublains was not only a local collection centre, but it must have been part of a larger scope. On may think indeed that it was aimed at playing a part in the defensive organization of the coasts of northern Gaul against the piracy of the Chauques and Saxons who launch their first raids as early as the end of the IInd century and resume them in the last quarter of the IIIrd with a particular intensity. If we accept the later chronological assumption, Carausius might possibly have contributed to the defensive reinforcement of the Central Building. The importance given to the transport of food supplies within the defensive organization set up in the same period on the British coasts, is a strong invitation for us to integrate the fortified granary of Jublains in the system of border protection of Northern Gaul, just like the Brittenburg granary, built in the Rhine mouth at the beginning of the IIIrd century and surrounded also with two concentric walls.“

Abstract: „If power rests in the Higher Middle Ages first on the control of riches and men, this does not exclude a perception of space. This paper raises the question of the policies led, so as to control and master the territories and the borders, by the Merlovingian queens who held a large share of the authority in the VIth–VIIth centuries (Clotilde, Brunehilde, Frédégonde, Nanthilde, Bathilde). It reveals their intervention in certain successions, privileging sharing or unity, according to the context, the way they manage to spread all over the kingdom bases of operation and relay for the royal authority, and their concern for borders with the strategies they resort to, which do not make them differ really from their male counterparts.“

Abstract: „The notion of border in the Merlovingian period at the confines of Neustria and northern Austrasia is, in this paper, the object of a strictly archaeological approach. It shows that archaeology often relies on natural geographical, ecclesiastical or cultural limits that undoubtedly define territories, but whose meaning and political fluctuations are but very partially reflected by material sources. The natural environment, the identification of efficient cultural criteria, the occupation of the land, the social and economic interpretation linked with the status of the rural and urban communities don’t allow yet to analyse their relations with real regional territorial entities. In this respect, we believe we can assert that the archaeological analysis of our regions is still carried out on territories with « limits without borders ».“